Learning more about your specific application can help deliver extra value and performance, while avoiding unnecessary expenses. We'd recommend looking also at oils by category (such as Spindle, Way, Gear, and Hydraulic oils) and consider between synthetic and conventional oils. Translating the viscosity is a good first step and can be sufficient for most general-purpose applications. This is a good approximation for most oils, but will lead to a small error when converting between ISO/AGMA and SAE for high Viscosity Index oils. The chart assumes the oil has a Viscosity Index of 95. Oil gets thinner according to its Viscosity Index, and the chart is calculated with a specific Viscosity Index (VI 95 default) ISO VG measures oil at 40✬ and a given range to +/-10% of their stated value, so ISO VG 100 oil will have a viscosity between 90 and 100 cSt at 40✬.ĪGMA has redefined its grades to align with ISO standards, so they line up exactly. Note 4: Check Owner’s Guide for appropriate viscosity depending on ambient temperature, duty cycle and biofuel content. Oils grades that are on the same horizontal line (with the correct Viscosity Index) on the chart are equivalent. As a rule of thumb, multiply the specific gravity of a liquid by 8.34 to find the weight of a gallon of that liquid.Several organizations (ISO, SAE, AGMA) have created competing standards to define oil viscosity ranges, but most of them mean the same thing. In our table below, we have given various liquids' characteristics with the temperature modified to one of more of a real world value. You can observe the little balls floating in the tube. Another version will determine the concentration of anti-freeze in an automobile radiator. This is the same instrument that we use to tell if your automobile battery is fully charged. The float is calibrated to float on fresh water so if the fluid you are testing has a higher specific gravity, the float will raise in the liquid and at a lower specific gravity it will sink lower in the liquid. It consist of a glass cylinder with a rubber bulb on top, and a float positioned inside the glass tube. We measure specific gravity with a hydrometer. The really important thing to keep in mind is that there is no correlation between viscosity and specific gravity. Like specific gravity, viscosity can be altered by a change in temperature, but unlike specific gravity it can also be altered by agitation. Thick liquids are said to have a high viscosity and thin liquids a low viscosity. It is important that you do not confuse specific gravity with viscosity which is a measurement of a fluids resistance to pouring, though there is often what is perceived to be an obvious relationship. As you have already guessed fresh water at 4☌ (39° F) has been assigned a value of one (1). If it sinks into the fresh water the specific gravity is more than one. ![]() If the liquid you are comparing will float on this water it has a specific gravity of less than one (1). In relationship to liquids, the term specific gravity is used to describe the weight or density of a liquid compared to an equal volume of fresh water at 4☌ (39° F). Its density is 7.85 grams per cubic centimeter, or 7.85 kilograms per liter, or 7.85 metric tons per cubic meter. If something is 7.85 times as heavy as an equal volume of water (such as iron is) its specific gravity is 7.85. In the metric system specific gravity is the same as in the English system. Specific gravity is the heaviness of a substance compared to that of water, and it is expressed without units. Specific Gravity And Viscosity Of Liquids
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